![]() Dropping prices and growing demand are making it more viable for a variety of solar devices to be implemented in urban and other complex environments. Some common simplifying constraints and assumptions are useful in traditional solar harvesting scenarios, e.g., solar farms in open spaces, Same as but without considerations, i.e., shadow implications are only geometrical Total incident irradiance unobstructed by shadows PV covering thickness ∕ Spectral response of the PV material Number of PV blocks in a PV panel The total number of rays Number of shaded PV blocks Power output Unitless radius for relative comparisons between simulated scenes Relative run-time Temperature Unshaded Factor for Beam radiation but may be limiting or lead to considerable inaccuracies in more complex and dynamic environments.Īs a sustainable alternative regarding environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and social integration, solar energy is expected to become an ever more ubiquitous part of our intricate human world. In this work, ''complex'' refers to scenarios where the surrounding objects cannot be reduced to simple analytical Total absorptance Inclination of the harvesting surface Emissivity Effective PV efficiency Reference PV efficiency reported by the manufacturer at temperature Stefan-Boltzmann constant Transmittance factor PV temperature coefficient Thermal conductivity ℎ Convection coefficient Incident Irradiance Total incident irradiance considering transmittance, shading, and electrical mismatch losses to Diffuse shadows) because they usually account for most of the shading-induced energy losses, and Beam is usually regarded as the radiation component that is the most affected by shadow-casting structures. Other complex environments include heliostats, step-like fields, and windsolar dual land use. ![]() This approach should open many new perspectives on a potentially wider multidisciplinary usage and interpretation of solar design tools, sometimes well beyond their initial scope of work. Furthermore, tools from various fields have been analysed in a broad interdisciplinary context of solar design with a particular attention for being used for Daylighting and Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) purposes. Here presented, is an overview of almost 200 solar design tools, analyzing their numerous features regarding accuracy, complexity, scale, computation speed, representation as well as building design process integration in about 50 2D/3D, CAD/CAM and BIM software environments. This paper was carried out within the framework of IEA-PVPS Task 15 – BIPV and it aims to facilitate this decision for all parties involved in solar design process. Consequently, choosing a suitable approach and tool for each design phase is essential for achieving unique design and performance goals. ![]() This is especially important in complex cases such as dense urban settings with the significant surface shadowing, and vertical facades including daylighting devices and photovoltaics. ![]() Furthermore, a capability of solar design methodologies and tools to accurately and time efficiently simulate light phenomena can greatly influence performance results and design decisions. Solar design can take many different forms across disciplines with different methodologies and goals, ranging from acquiring architectural visual effects to assessing illumination for daylighting and solar radiation potential on building surfaces for PV implementation.
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